Ultima Management facilitates and encourages post-publication discussions, scientific debates, and corrections regarding formally released articles. This policy aims to maintain the accuracy of scholarly literature, transparency, and the accountability of the academic record.

1. Mechanism for Post-Publication Discussions

• Letters to the Editor: Readers or fellow researchers may submit scientific refutations, critiques, or substantive commentary regarding published articles by sending an official letter to the Editorial Board.
• Authors' Right of Reply: If the critique is deemed valid and academically significant by the Editorial Board, the manuscript will be forwarded to the original authors to provide an official Right of Reply.
• Publication of Correspondence: Both the critique and the authors' reply will be published together in the current journal issue to foster a transparent and open scientific dialogue for the public.

2. Mechanism for Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

In the event that non-intentional errors, data inaccuracies, or ethical infractions are discovered post-publication, Ultima Management will take decisive actions in accordance with COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) protocols:

• Corrections (Errata / Corrigendum): If minor technical errors are identified (such as typos in author names, graphical errors, or mathematical formulas) that do not compromise the overall scientific conclusion, the journal will publish a Correction Notice linked directly to the original article.
• Expressions of Concern: If there is strong suspicion of misconduct that is currently undergoing a lengthy investigation, the Editorial Board may issue an Expression of Concern to notify readers during the interim period.
• Article Retraction: If severe errors are found that invalidate the scientific data, or if major ethical violations (such as plagiarism or data fabrication) are proven, the article will be formally retracted from the OJS platform. The original PDF file will be watermarked with "RETRACTED", and an official retraction statement will be published to maintain the integrity of the academic record.