Ultima InfoSys: Jurnal Ilmu Sistem Informasi, published by the Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, in cooperation with UMN Press, follows the authorship recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). This policy applies to every article type submitted to the journal.
A person may be listed as an author only if they meet all four of the following criteria:

• Substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data. In information systems research, this includes designing the system or research model, developing or testing software, building datasets, and running experiments or surveys.
• Drafting or critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
• Final approval of the version to be submitted and published.
• Accountability for all parts of the work, including ensuring that questions about its accuracy or integrity are properly investigated and resolved.

Everyone who meets all four criteria must be listed as an author. Each author should also be able to identify which co-authors were responsible for the other parts of the work and have confidence in their contributions.
The following activities alone do not qualify a person for authorship: obtaining funding, general supervision or leadership of a research group or study program, administrative or technical support, providing access to data or facilities, and language editing or proofreading.

Corresponding Author

Each manuscript must name one corresponding author who handles all communication with the journal on behalf of every co-author. The corresponding author is responsible for:

• confirming that all listed authors meet the authorship criteria and have approved the submission;

• providing the full name, affiliation, email address, and ORCID iD of every author;
• managing submission, revisions, responses to reviewers, and proofreading of the final version;
• keeping all co-authors informed about the manuscript's status and the editor's decisions;
• responding promptly to any questions from the editors after publication.

Author Order and Changes to Authorship

Authors should agree on who will be listed and in what order early in the research, and must confirm the final list before submission. The journal does not decide author order.
The author list submitted with the manuscript is considered final. Any addition, removal, or reordering of authors:

• may be requested only before the manuscript is accepted;
• must be sent by the corresponding author to ultimainfosys@umn.ac.id with the reason for the change;
• must include written agreement from every author, including any author being added or removed;
• takes effect only after approval by the Editor-in-Chief.

Changes after acceptance or publication are allowed only in exceptional cases and will be handled through a formal correction, following COPE guidance.

Unacceptable Authorship Practices

The following practices are forms of research misconduct and will be handled under the journal's Allegations of Research Misconduct policy:

• Gift or honorary authorship: listing someone who did not meet the criteria, for example because of their position or seniority.
• Ghost authorship: leaving out someone who meets the criteria, including professional writers.
• Purchased or traded authorship: buying, selling, or exchanging author positions.
• Adding authors without consent: listing anyone who has not agreed to be an author.

Use of AI Tools

AI tools, including large language models, cannot be listed as authors because they cannot approve a manuscript or take responsibility for it. Authors who use AI tools for writing, coding, or data analysis must describe that use in the Methods or Acknowledgments section and remain fully responsible for the content.

Authorship Disputes

Authors are responsible for resolving disagreements about authorship among themselves. If a dispute arises, the journal will pause processing of the manuscript and, where needed, ask the authors' institutions to investigate. The journal will follow COPE guidance and act on the institution's findings.